Rachih Azeddine
Eramet Ideas
"Modeling of the Søderberg Electrode"
Abstract
Submerged-arc furnaces producing ferromanganese (FeMn) drive 100–150 kA through three self-baking Søderberg electrodes, each dissipating tens of MW. Locating the baking isotherm (~773 K) inside the column is critical: too low risks paste breakthrough; too high wastes thermal energy and accelerates casing consumption. Since thermocouples survive only on the outer casing, modeling is the only window onto the internal current density and temperature fields.This work presents soderbergFoam, a custom OpenFOAM (Foundation v13) solver for the coupled electro-thermal problem in a Søderberg electrode. The steady-state, axisymmetric formulation couples current continuity and energy conservation through a temperature-dependent electrical conductivity σ(T), a mass-conserving slipping velocity, and the latent heat of baking absorbed across a mushy band. Four cellZones (paste, mixed compound, casing, clamps) capture the multi-material structure; outer-wall Robin boundary conditions and a volumetric induction source close the model.The solver agrees with a reference ANSYS Fluent case and with multi-campaign thermocouple data from an operating FeMn furnace. It is now used in-house at Eramet to test current, slipping-rate, and paste-formulation scenarios before plant trials